Characterization in William Shakespeare’s “Hamlet” and “Macbeth” Essay Example for Free

Characterization in William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Hamlet† and â€Å"Macbeth† Essay William Shakespeare is regarded by many as one, if not the greatest writer of all time. It is interesting to note that his success is due to his tragedies. â€Å"Hamlet† and â€Å"Macbeth† are two of his best known work. Both titles deal with the tragedy of aristocratic people. Though, it appears that Shakespeare is fond of representing only one part of the society, he is actually talking about a very human flaw. Through the characters of his protagonists Hamlet and Macbeth, Shakespeare is suggesting that the real tragedy is found within one’s self. Initially, Shakespeare had characterized Macbeth as a brave warrior. The wounded captain tells the audience that Macbeth was wounded in the battlefield, suggesting that he had fought bravely. But as the plot progresses, the audience discovers that he is less admirable. This is immediately noticeable when Macbeth had met the witches. The witches told them that Macbeth would be the thane of Cawdor. Although, Macbeth says he does not want to think of the prophecy because the thane of Cawdor is still alive, he seems to ponder on the thought, â€Å"the thane of Cawdor lives: why do you dress me in Borrow’d robes?† There is a hint of irony in Macbeth words. It is like he wants to be thane of Cawdor but says he does not. Aside from mere false modesty, the audience would learn that Macbeth harbors within himself some self-doubt. If it was not for Lady Macbeth, Macbeth could have not done anything that he is certain he wants to do. On the other hand, Hamlet seems to be a more flawed character than Macbeth. He is constantly thinking about how to kill Claudius and exact revenge for his father. However, when he got his first chance to kill Claudius, he made a pass on the chance to do so. When Hamlet caught Claudius in prayer, he did not kill Claudius be cause he thought his father’s murderer might go to heaven. Perhaps a helpful quote to use is the famous â€Å"to be or not to be? † That line is a succinct description for Hamlet as he always contradicts himself. Shakespeare’s talent for being able to describe the complexity of the human brain, had made his works classics. Shakespeare seems to be more fond of the flaws of the thought process rather than physical flaws. That is in opposition to earlier works by other authors such as Oedipus Rex, where the protagonist has a deformed foot. Shakespeare’s protagonists are most of the time described as well-to-do. Both Hamlet and Macbeth are even admirable in the initial portions of their respective stories. But Shakespeare reveals that their flaws is on how they think. With Hamlet and Macbeth always contradicting themselves, a tragic conclusion seems inevitable. But their real tragedy is not because one would go insane and the other would be mortally wounded. Hamlet and Macbeth’s tragedy is that they themselves are the antagonists to their respective goals.

Psychoanalysis Essay -- Essays Papers

Psychoanalysis When people think of psychoanalysis, usually one name comes to mind. This would be Sigmund Freud. Freud, along with Carl G. Jung and Alfred Adler, has impacted the history of psychoanalysis. Further, he has influenced the lives of the men and women during the early 1900s. In today's society, the history of psychoanalysis is continually being discussed among many scholars. Paul Roazen, author of Encountering Freud: The Politics and Histories of Psychoanalysis, has dedicated his professional career to researching the "impact of Freud and his followers not only on politics but on the cultural and intellectual life of this century" (Chodoff 132). One main theme that Roazen emphasizes is the relationship between history and psychoanalysis. In the United States, the term psychohistory has become increasingly popular since about 1945. Psychohistory is the blending of history with the psychoanalytical theories (Gilderhus 129). This idea has raised many questions among scholars and is still a controversial discussion piece at this time. Sigmund Freud: One may question Freud's ideas and wonder what made him so popular during the early 1900s. Many attribute this to the idea that Freud, along with Charles Darwin, is viewed as a critical contributor to our concepts of present day man. Freud saw man as am incomplete product of nature. Further, he proposed that "man at his best and man at his worst is subject to a common set of explanations: that good and evil grow from a common process" (Roazen 24). Many scholars feel that Western society was ready for something to fill the gap that had been formed between religion and the sciences at that time. During the late 1800s, there was extreme controversy o... ...world. Lastly, by 1926, there were psychoanalytic societies in Vienna, Berlin, Budapest, London, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Moscow, Calcutta, and two in the United States. At the same time, three journals had been formed that focused on psychoanalysis. Works Cited - Brill, A.A., ed. The Basic Writings of Sigmund Freud. New York: Random House, 1938. - Chodoff, Paul. "Psychoanalysis: Encountering Freud: The Politics and Histories of Psychoanalysis by Paul Roazen." American Journal of Psychiatry 149.1 (1992): 132- 133. - Gilderhus, Mark T. History and Historians: A Historiographical Introduction. 3rd ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1996. - Lauzun, Gerard. Sigmund Freud: The Man and His Theories. Trans. Patrick Evans. New York: Fawcett, 1962. - Roazen, Paul, ed. Sigmund Freud. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1973.

Succubus on Top CHAPTER 17

â€Å"Should I put up Lorelei Biljan's posters now? Or wait until after E. J. Putnam's gone?† I looked up from the invoices on my desk. I'd just reread the same line of numbers about five times without comprehending any of it, and I was having only a little better luck parsing Tammi's question. I rubbed my eyes. â€Å"Why†¦would we wait?† She shrugged. â€Å"Dunno. Just seems kind of rude to be advertising one author during another one's signing.† My mind moved slowly, probably because only 5 percent of it was actually here at the bookstore. The rest of my brainpower attempted to muddle through the disaster that was my life. â€Å"Um†¦no, it doesn't matter. Put them both up. They're only a week apart, and we want Biljan to get a fair shot at publicity too. Besides, I don't think authors really get worked up over competition like that. They're pretty low-key.† Tammi ran a hand through her short red hair. â€Å"I don't know. They're famous and artistic. Seems like that's a bad combination. Temperamental and stuff. Not all writers can be like Seth. In fact, I bet when he gets angry enough about something, he could really let someone have it.† â€Å"Anything else?† I asked, a sharp note of dismissal in my voice. â€Å"Otherwise, just put up all the posters, okay?† She gave me a startled look and left the office. When the door closed, I put my head down on the desk and groaned. Tammi, in her blissful adolescent na §?te, had no idea how close to home she had hit. Like her, I too believed Seth could display a lot of anger if given enough cause. Like, say, his girlfriend cheating on him. True, Bastien had been right in saying Seth and I had loose definitions of â€Å"cheating,† but even I knew what did and did not qualify. There was no gray area here. No mutability. I had fucked up hard-core. I'd known it too, lying there in that unholy union with Bastien. After my sleepless night, I'd left him around dawn and took a cab back to Queen Anne, my body still aching. I hadn't wanted to talk to him. He'd slept so heavily, he hadn't heard me leave. No guilt weighed him down. But me? My cup of guilt was runnething over. Not only that, I still had to make the next decision in this mess: to tell or not to tell? That was what had really bothered me all day at work. The past was over; I could only worry about it for so long. My attention now focused on how to proceed with the future. Fortunately, Seth had worked from home today, which helped a little. He and I eventually had plans to meet up in the evening, but until that happened, I still had time to come up with something. Anything. Yet when I walked home at the end of my shift, I was no closer to an answer than I had been at the beginning of the day. Miserable, I pulled up a chair at my kitchen table and sat down with pen and paper. Aubrey jumped up on the table's flat surface and lay down to watch me, half of her sprawling on the page. I slid her off and made the following list: DONT TELL SETH Pros: status quo resumes, he won't be upset Cons: my own gnawing guilt, totally blowing the honesty thing I considered the list for a moment, surprised that neither the pro nor con side had more items. It was just that simple. Moving farther down the paper, I wrote up the reciprocal list. TELL SETH Pros: right thing to do Cons: admitting I'm an idiot, painfully emotional blowout, inevitable breakup, a literal eternity of heart-wrenching sorrow and regret I held the pen and looked back and forth between both lists. â€Å"This isn't really clearing things up, Aubrey.† In an effort to relieve my frustration, I hurled the pen somewhere into my living room. She watched it sail off with interest and then darted off to confirm the kill. â€Å"What do you need to tell Seth?† â€Å"Jesus!† I yelled, practically jumping ten feet in the air. Carter had appeared out of nowhere and now stood beside the table, looking casual and laconic. He wore a black T-shirt over a gray thermal shirt and the same jeans I swear he'd had on for the last couple decades. â€Å"Don't do that, okay? Knocking isn't a lost art.† â€Å"Sorry.† He pulled a chair out and straddled it, so his long arms draped lazily over the back. Flipping his stringy blond hair out of the way, he gestured toward my list. â€Å"Didn't mean to interrupt.† â€Å"You're not,† I muttered, crumpling up the paper. I tossed that into the living room too, so Aubrey could have more to hunt. â€Å"Anything you want to talk about?† he offered. I hesitated. Of all the people I knew, only Carter had been a steadfast believer in Seth and me having a serious relationship. He was the only one who hadn't treated it as a joke. In some ways, that might have made him a good confidante, yet it also disqualified him. I could not confess to the one person who had believed in me just how seriously I had messed things up in a weak moment. â€Å"No,† I said brusquely. â€Å"But I assume you have something to talk about.† He eyed me a moment, like he might push me on what I clearly held back, but then he let the matter go. â€Å"I have something for you.† He extended a balled fist. When he opened it, I found a small pouch lying on his palm. I picked it up and stroked the material. I had no idea what it was, but the cloth's smooth texture felt like a flower petal. I started to open it. â€Å"Don't,† he warned. His commanding tone instantly made me stop. â€Å"You'll break the spell.† â€Å"What spell?† â€Å"The one that masks what's inside the pouch. And the one that masks your immortal signature. â€Å" I nodded with understanding. I might not know what to do with my own love life, but immortal conspiracies I could follow. â€Å"To hide me and this from Alec's supplier.† The angel nodded in return. I held up the pouch and waggled it at him. â€Å"So do I get to know what's in there?† â€Å"It's a†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He paused, not from a reluctance to tell me but to search for the right word. â€Å"It's a dart, I guess. Or maybe†¦like, an arrowhead. But that sounds weird. Nah, let's call it a dart. It's only about an inch long. A dart that looks like a small wooden arrowhead.† â€Å"Um. Okay. Got it. And what do I do with this darting arrowhead thing?† â€Å"You pierce the other immortal's heart with it.† â€Å"Whoa. Like†¦staking a vampire?† â€Å"Uh, not entirely. You'll sort of have to see when the time comes. The key is to move fast. As soon as you open the pouch, he'll know what you are and what's in there. You don't want to give him time to react because it won't be pretty if he does. Act fast, and don't second-guess yourself.† â€Å"How is a small piece of wood going to solve all our problems?† â€Å"It's special wood,† he replied with a grin. â€Å"Oh, yeah, that explains everything.† â€Å"Are you close to meeting him?† â€Å"Terribly close, actually. I probably could have met him yesterday if I'd wanted. Alec was very keen on introducing us.† Carter frowned, turning this over in his mind. â€Å"Hmm. Odd.† â€Å"Should I be worried?† â€Å"No more worried than you already should be at the thought of attacking an immortal.† â€Å"But I'll be fine if I just act fast and don't overthink it, huh?† â€Å"Right. I imagine that's pretty common for you anyway.† â€Å"Anything else I should know?† â€Å"Well†¦let's see. Yeah. One thing. Don't actually do it until there's provocation.† â€Å"What?† I stared. â€Å"Being a bastard who pushes addictive substances that destroy mortals isn't provocation enough?† â€Å"Oddly, no. You have to be threatened in some way.† Annoyed, I tossed the pouch onto the table. This was so typical of Carter and Jerome. A bizarrely complex scheme with ridiculous nuances and loopholes. â€Å"Threatened? How can he threaten me? He can't unless†¦wait, he's not an immortal who could kill me, is he?† â€Å"No, of course not. But he could make things very†¦uncomfortable for you. Anyway, there's a lot of ways to threaten a person. If he hurts you†¦or you feel vulnerable†¦like he could abuse his power over you, then that'll work. He's a stronger immortal than you. Preying on you – especially when you belong to Jerome, so to speak – is a big no-no. You would be justified in protecting yourself. But, if you attack wantonly, you'll get in trouble from the powers that be for targeting other immortals. You'll also get us in trouble for arming you.† â€Å"This sounds kind of like entrapment.† â€Å"That's an ugly word. Let's just keep it in terms of self-defense.† â€Å"So, you think things are going to get rough enough that I'll actually need self-defense?† He hesitated. â€Å"I don't know. I just don't know.† â€Å"Yeah, but then, if this guy's perfectly nice and just sells me a stash of ambrosia, I can't do anything? We've wasted the trip?† â€Å"Like I said, I don't know. Really. But honestly†¦if they're making it this easy to find him, I have to think something weird is going on. Just be careful, okay?† His face was all seriousness now. â€Å"You're smart. You can pull this off.† â€Å"And I don't suppose, at any point in this, you're going to tell me who this guy actually is?† â€Å"I believe ignorance is bliss.† I threw my hands up, not knowing what else to say. Carter traded a few more jokes with me and then rose to go. Hesitating, he gave me a curious look. â€Å"You sure you don't want to talk? You've obviously got something bugging you. â€Å" â€Å"I do. But I've got to deal with it on my own.† â€Å"Fair enough. See ya.† An eyeblink later, the angel disappeared. Seth showed up about an hour later, a little blue paint smudged on his face. â€Å"Terry and Andrea are painting the kitchen now.† I smiled at him, swallowing all the churning emotions within me. â€Å"How can you get so messy when you don't even do the painting?† I found a washcloth and dabbed at his face in a fruitless effort to clean him up. Standing so close, I suddenly had a flashback to last night. His hands stroking my breasts. Feeling him inside of me, filling me up. Our bodies moving together. His lips parting slightly when he came. â€Å"It won't come off,† I said abruptly, jerking away. â€Å"Oh. Okay.† I stayed moody and silent for the rest of the night, stiff and distant at any sort of touching. Seth picked up on the vibe right away and let me have my space. We walked a few blocks down the street to a theater that only showed Oscar nominees and artsy, independent films. We saw one of the latter, and I have to admit, it did take my mind off my love life, if only for two hours. Sitting at an Italian restaurant afterward, I let him draw me into a discussion of the film's merits. It amazed me that my mouth could keep up with the conversation while the rest of me was in an entirely different world. Over and over, I replayed what had happened last night – and not just the sex part. I analyzed everything, the events that had led up to it. Why had I done it? What had made me give in? Had it really been an altruistic attempt to fix Seth and me by removing the temptation? Had it been an aching desire to take comfort in Bastien? Or, most likely, had it been something selfish on my part? A burning desire to touch what I wasn't supposed to have – not because it might help our relationship, but because I just wanted to do it. I had wanted that pleasure. I had craved his body and simply gave in to the hedonism I longed for. I was a creature of hell, after all. I had observed before that we weren't exactly known for our self-control. Yet none of that changed the fact that it had happened. It had happened, and I had to do something about it. Or†¦did I? Seth sat across from me, looking happy and content as we talked. Ignorance really is bliss sometimes. I thought back to the lists. If he never found out, the truth couldn't hurt him. We could go on as we had. The only problem would be that I knew the truth. I had to live with this betrayal, not only of our physical relationship but also of our attempts at honesty and openness. One more entry on the list of dark and nasty secrets I already kept. â€Å"You with me, Thetis?† he asked suddenly. â€Å"Huh?† He gave me a small, sweet smile and moved his hand over to hold mine. I squeezed it back. â€Å"You look like you're miles away. â€Å" I gave him a half-smile in return. Apparently I wasn't as subtle as I thought. I looked at him, studying those beloved features, and shook my head. I couldn't do it. I couldn't tell him. Not yet. â€Å"Just tired,† I lied. We shared a dish of gelato and then returned to my apartment. We had just set up the Scrabble board when I felt immortal signatures approaching. I groaned, not wanting to deal with this. â€Å"Hail, hail, the gang's all here.† Seth looked puzzled until we heard the knock at the door. I opened it, letting in Hugh, Peter, Cody, and Bastien. â€Å"You are alive,† said Peter cheerfully, smothering me in a hug. â€Å"We tried calling you tonight.† â€Å"And I've been trying to get a hold of you all day,† added Bastien pointedly. I was perfectly aware that he had called me many times. I had purposely not answered my phone. â€Å"Sorry,† I said to all of them. â€Å"Hey, Seth,† said Cody, clapping the writer on the back. The vampire and the rest of the immortals spread themselves out around my living room like they lived there. I gave their giggling and careless behavior a withering glance. â€Å"You guys been barhopping?† â€Å"Yup,† said Hugh with pride. â€Å"You – both of you – could have joined us.† â€Å"Fortunately, the night is still young,† declared Bastien. He strolled around the living room, arching an appalled eyebrow at the Scrabble board. â€Å"When you didn't answer, we decided to come issue an invitation in person.† â€Å"We're going to go shoot pool,† explained Cody happily. â€Å"Over at that place in Belltown. You guys should come along.† He gave Seth a conspiratorial grin. â€Å"Georgina's a wicked pool player.† â€Å"Thetis is good at everything,† Seth murmured automatically. I could tell by his body language he wasn't comfortable with a bunch of drunken immortals in the room. I also knew he didn't want to go out. â€Å"Sorry, guys,† I told them. â€Å"We've already been out. We're staying in.† This earned snide remarks and groans of disapproval. â€Å"Oh come on,† begged Hugh, trying to get Aubrey's attention with a cat toy on a string. She didn't fall for it and hissed at him instead. â€Å"We always get better service when you go with us.† â€Å"Besides,† said Bastien nastily. â€Å"It doesn't look you're doing anything else exciting. You should be grateful we came along. We're giving you something. Something you couldn't otherwise get.† I remained calm, but I think the others picked up on the sudden tension in the air. â€Å"Sorry,† I repeated. â€Å"We're staying in. You guys can hang out for a little bit, but then I've got to kick you out. We're doing our own thing. â€Å" â€Å"I wasn't aware you guys did anything at all,† muttered Bastien in a voice only I heard. Maybe the vampires too, with their superhuman hearing. â€Å"You got anything to drink?† asked Peter, gently nudging me toward being a good hostess. I was still locked in a battle of wills and eye contact with the incubus. â€Å"Yeah, I just bought a six-pack of Smirnoff Ice.† â€Å"Oh,† said Cody. â€Å"Score.† He and Hugh raided my refrigerator, passing out bottles of prissy malted beverage to everyone except Seth and me. We abstained. Lounging around, conversation on silly topics soon ensued, although Bastien, Seth, and I did not participate. Seth stayed quiet because he always stayed quiet in such settings. Bastien and I stayed quiet because we were pissed off at each other. I excused myself for the restroom and found Bastien waiting outside the door for me when I finished. â€Å"Alcohol runs right through you, huh?† I asked, pushing past him. He blocked my way, backing me up against the wall. â€Å"What the hell's wrong with you?† he demanded in a low voice. â€Å"Nothing. Let me go.† â€Å"Bullshit. I left you like a hundred messages. You're avoiding me.† â€Å"So? It's my prerogative. Just like that song.† He snorted. â€Å"Let me guess. You're having some sort of melodramatic moral crisis over what happened last night. That's so typical of you lately.† â€Å"Don't talk to me about last night. You shouldn't have done what you did.† â€Å"Is houldn't have? My God, Fleur ,don't act like you're the victim here. Nobody forced you. You more than consented. In fact, I daresay you enjoyed it.† â€Å"It was a mistake.† â€Å"And so avoiding me is going to fix it? Don't delude yourself. It wasn't a mistake. It was good for you. I helped you. I gave you something you would have never gotten otherwise. You'll remember it for the rest of your life.† â€Å"Gee,† I said, dripping sarcasm. â€Å"How kind of you. Because that's really all there was to it, wasn't there? You only did it to help me. Nothing more. You certainly didn't do it just because you could. Because I was ‘beautiful and I was wonderful and you wanted me.' â€Å" â€Å"Listen to me – â€Å" â€Å"No. You listen to me. If I want to avoid you, let me avoid you. Don't show up at my house drunk and try to force your way into a dialogue. It makes you more of an asshole than you'd be otherwise. I don't want to talk to you. Not anytime soon. Maybe not ever.† â€Å"Forever's a long time.† He leaned closer, one hand on my arm. â€Å"Don't you think you're overreacting to one fuck? Besides, you can't cut me off. You've got to help me with Dana.† â€Å"No,† I declared icily. â€Å"I do not. You're on your own with that. And if you get sent to Guam, then it's your own fucking fault. Maybe it'll give you some time to think about your relations with women outside of business.† â€Å"Damn it – â€Å" â€Å"Georgina?† We both turned and saw Seth standing in the hallway. Bastien and I were close – too close – but not romantically close. Anyone with half a brain could tell we were locked in a dispute. Our postures radiated it, as did our expressions. The grip Bastien held on my arm was not friendly. â€Å"Are you okay?† Seth asked carefully. His words came out low and measured, but I saw something unfamiliar in his expression. Not anger, but something else kindling in his eyes. He had told me once he chose his battles carefully, and I wondered then what he would do if he thought the incubus was a real threat to me. â€Å"We're fine,† I said. I broke from Bastien's grasp, and he didn't fight it. â€Å"Yes,† he agreed with a cold smile. â€Å"We're fine.† He walked past me but stopped when he was even with Seth. â€Å"You should be flattered,† Bastien told him. â€Å"Most women invoke God during sex, but Fleur yells your name. One would have thought you were a deity, considering how many times she paid homage to you last night.† He continued on to the living room, and I didn't even stick around to see Seth's reaction. I stormed after Bastien. â€Å"Get out,† I told him. I looked over at the other immortals. â€Å"All of you, get out now.† Peter, Cody, and Hugh stared at me in astonishment. I'd kicked them out a number of times, but none of them had ever heard me use this voice on them. Consequently, they heeded it. They scrambled out the door in under a minute, Bastien shooting me a dark glance as he left. When they were gone, I took a deep breath and turned to Seth. Anger and despair boiled inside of me. â€Å"Let me guess. You want to know what he meant.† His face was unreadable. â€Å"Honestly, I don't know.† He suddenly sounded tired. â€Å"I don't know if I want to.† â€Å"Yeah, well, I'll tell you anyway.† The words tore at me while coming out, but I really didn't want to hold onto the secret anymore. Not only because Bastien had given it away but also because I knew I wasn't going to be able to stand having it fester inside of me. It hurt too much. Talking to the incubus had made me realize that. So while I didn't mention the pictures, I told Seth everything else. Everything. When I finished, he didn't say anything. He stared at some nonexistent spot in the air, face blank once more. After a couple of minutes of aching silence, he finally turned back to me. â€Å"So. How was I?†

Erotic Romance Madhumalati, Manjhan s 16th Century...

Madhumalati, Manjhan’s 16th century Indian Sufi Romance, tells the story of two lovers: Manohar, and Madhumalati. Nymphs bring Prince Manohar to Princess Madhumalati, to determine which of whom are more divinely, perfectly beautiful. Even though this text appears, at times, to be a secular, erotic romance, the Shattari Sufi tradition from which such romantic stories originated uses romantic and sexual love to illustrate the relationship between a Sufi and God. These mystical romances were used as â€Å"spiritual exercises† to â€Å"[cultivate] their taste for things spiritual ... through a ritually controlled  ¯ exposure to music and poetry,† (xiii). This paper will examine the role of these mystical erotic romances in understanding the spiritual path to the Beloved, as symbolized by a female object of desire. After Manohar, who allegorically represents a Sufi believer along the path to understanding God, awakens and sees Madhumalati, who represents the divine Beloved (God), he is filled with desire: The moment that he saw Madhumalati she possessed his heart completely. His soul bowed down to her beauty. Seeing her lying in sweet sleep, the fire of love engulfed his body, consuming him utterly, from top to toe. Like a lotus opening towards the sun, he blossomed as he saw her face. Primeval love, like a new green shoot, sprouted in the Prince’s heart. (page 32, passage 75, lines 9-16) Manohar looks onto Madhumalati as she sleeps, and her physical beauty is enough to

Cheating The Problem Of Our Schools - 1654 Words

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Academic dishonesty or â€Å"cheating†, has become a common standard amongst specialized high schoolers and prep school students. In one scenario, involving a specialized school in New York, high school students devised an organized plan to cheat on a Regents exam.Read MoreCheating in American Schools - A National Disgrace Essay651 Words   |  3 PagesCheating in American Schools - A National Disgrace Cheating by students in American schools has become a serious and growing problem. A 2005 poll of 12,000 college graduates in the contiguous United States with a 62% response rate showed the following: 45% of all students cheated on an examination that counted toward 10-20% of their grade and 51% cheated on an exam that counted toward 33-50% of their final grade. 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The clock is ticking at 1:00am and Joe is sitting in front of his computer trying to study for his Math test. â€Å"The test will be tomorrow at 7am. I don t understand any of this. I can’t even remember the formulas. What should I do?† Joe thought. But, why is he doing this at the last minute? Was it because of the addicting game â€Å"Battle Front† that he could not get enough of? Or, was it maybe becauseRead MoreIs Cheating Ethical1654 Words   |  7 Pagessociety, fairness, or specific virtues. Secondly, ethics refers to the study and development of one’s ethical standards (Williams, 2010, pp. 2-4). Cheating is defined in the dictionary as, to deceive by trickery; swindle, however the dictionary fails to tell you if it is right or wrong to cheat. People have many different beliefs when it comes to cheating; some think its fine to do while others completely disapprove (Sullivan, 1992). Consequentialism/Utilitarianism: Utilitarianism is the best

Social And Political Views Of Democracy - 1364 Words

Democracy offers people the chance to be involved citizens rather than unreceptive subordinates. However, this right doesn’t come unchallenged. Citizens are required to assess a broad range of political subjects (such as candidates, parties, and policies) and then combine and simplify their likings in a way that allows them to choose on voting decisions. So, how are these challenges met? In the United States, some citizens are conservative Republics, some are liberal Democrats, and others fall in between or outside the two. Recent studies have proposed that these recognitions play an important part in voting behavior and political perception. Recently, however, more studies have accumulated advocating for two meager assumptions in regards to this study: that liberal/conservative identifications are bipolar in meaning and that underlying this bipolarity is cognitive meaning based on political issues (Conover, Feldman, 265). These variances in political positions are called pol itical attitudes, and fall on a spectrum between extremely liberal and extremely conservative. Broadly speaking, this spectrum distinguishes what someone believes about social issues and governments role in society. These beliefs are formed by a variation of aspects, which can include family, gender, religion, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status and region. Even things like behavior, core ideals and values, and ideology can affect people’s political attitudes. However, these opinions are not set inShow MoreRelatedLiberalism, Communism, And Social Democracy736 Words   |  3 PagesThe three political ideologies I will discuss in this paper are Liberalism, Communism, and Social Democracy. These ideologies emerged in the 19th century and are views on society and the way in which it is governed. Liberalism, Communism, and Social Democracy are social, political, and economic doctrines. 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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder free essay sample

Everybody goes through a bad experience or a rough time throughout their lives. People can usually overcome and learn from their experiences but then again there are some people who are so shattered by what they experience it starts to overcome and take their lives away from them in one single grip. Fear can engulf your mind, body and soul. What if all you could do was think about what happened? Every day you spend thinking about what you could have done differently and replaying the memories over and over again in your mind. For some this causes a spiraling depression and a overcoming of sadness. You want your old life back; you want to be happy and free from worry. Many People are affected by Post-traumatic Stress disorder(PTSD), an anxiety disorder that comes and disrupts your life. The major group of people who are affected with this terrible anxiety disorder are the United States Military, The group of people known to be brave, strong and courageous. We will write a custom essay sample on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder occurs when a traumatic experience happens that threatens your safety or makes you feel helpless. This disorder can happen in any overwhelming situation especially when the situation is unpredictable. This stress disorder can affect the people who personally experience the event, those who witness it, and those who pick up the pieces after words. It can even occur in the friends or family members of those who went through the actual trauma. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder develops differently for everyone. Symptoms can appear as early as hours after, but usually takes weeks, months or even years for the symptoms to appear (Smith, 2011). Just a few possible scenario’s which cause PTSD are: War, natural disasters, car or plane crashes, terrorist attacks, sudden death of a loved one, rape, kidnapping, assault, sexual or physical abuse, and childhood neglect. Not everyone who experiences these events will develop Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. People who have this condition all have symptoms. First of all the memory is seriously impaired, but not in an amnesia sort of way. You re-experience the event over and over again in your head. And the two other main symptoms are you try to avoid any reminders of the event and also increased anxiety and emotional distress. When re-experiencing the traumatic event you begin to get upsetting memories, flashbacks, nightmares, feelings of intense distress, and physical reactions such as pounding heart, rapid breathing, nausea, muscle tension and sweating. While avoiding the event you start to avoid activities, places, thoughts or feelings that you remind you in any way of the incident, loss of interest in activities and daily life, feeling detached and emotionally numb. With Increased anxiety you have difficult sleep patterns, Irritability, difficulty concentrating, and feeling jumpy or easily startled. Other common symptoms of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder include; Anger, Guilt, shame, or self-blame, substance abuse, depression and hopelessness, suicidal thoughts, feeling alienated or alone, physical aches and pains. When soldiers come back from fighting a war, they are scared physically and emotionally. They see the turbulence, the fighting, the killings and they just want to move on and forgot their experience overseas. Service members are at risk for death or severe injury, they witness friends and other soldiers hurt or killed. They also may have to kill or wound others. All of these factors are leading causes to have Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. In 2003, a study done by the United States department of Veterans Affairs, they looked at the mental health of service members in Afghanistan and Iraq. Soldiers in Iraq reported more combat stressors than Soldiers in Afghanistan. The main stressors in Iraq were: Seeing dead bodies, being shot at, being attacked, receiving rocket or mortar fire, and knowing someone who was killed or seriously injured. The soldiers who had more combat stressors had more mental health problems. And those who served in Iraq had higher rates of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder than those who served in Afghanistan. Research on veterans returning from war, suggests that 10-18% of troops are likely to have PTSD when the return. They are also at risk for many other mental health problems such as depression. The use of alcohol, tobacco and drugs may also be a problem. Research has also found that there are certain factors that make it more likely for members of the service to develop the disorder. Longer deployment time, severe combat exposure, severe physical injury, brain injury, lower rank, lower level of schooling, not being married, family problems, female gender, and prior trauma exposure. But not everyone with these factors will develop any kind of stress disorder. Getting help before and after with coping skills can lower your chances greatly. You need to learn how to adapt and overcome these struggles. Now how do soldiers of war overcome this terrible incident in their lives? It can be extremely difficult to experience. You see people dying and getting hurt, and most of the time you will have orders to kill someone else. Returning home can be a very stressful situation, the soldiers can experience, anger, insomnia, anxiety, pain, nightmares and interpersonal difficulties. It is because it is a huge transition, while in combat, your primary focus is survival and now coming home you should not need to worry about those types of things. Also while being deployed, the family goes under changes as well, trying to fill the gaps of the soldier’s absence. After being united, usually a switch cannot be turned right on and go right back living to how things used to be. They think once being home everything will be great. The reality is that people need time to grow back together, to become reacquainted and adjust to the changes each has experienced so that they can develop a new normal. (Steinbach, 2010) Symptoms experienced with the transition of coming home are normal for most veterans, and usually are temporary and go away within a few weeks. It is true that most people who go through traumatic events and develop symptoms of PTSD, will go away overtime because it is our natural coping skill. It is estimated that only 20% of veterans who fought in oversea wars develop the stress disorder. The biggest side effect when it comes to Post-traumatic Stress Disorder is panic or anxiety attacks. They leave you feeling defenseless, hopeless, and scared. Panic attacks refer the the experience of intense fear or discomfort where four or more symptoms of a panic attack are felt. A list of the side effects are: Pounding heart or increased heart rate, sweating, shaking, feeling smothered, choking, chest pain/discomfort, nausea, feeling dizzy, lightheaded or faint, depersonalization, feeling of losing control, fear of dying, chills or hot flashes, numbness or tingling in extremities. Although the DSM-IV, a manual of mental disorders, says that a person must experience more than four symptoms, some people may have panic attacks that only have 3 or less. This is referred to as a limited symptom panic attack. Panic attacks can happen anytime without any trigger, and this is known as an uncued panic attack. It comes out of the blue and is a defining feature of a panic disorder. Cued panic attacks are triggered by something such as public speaking or in a veteran’s case, while getting congratulated or at a ceremony for the Military. Feeling like you are about to die is very scary, and can make you afraid to even go out of your house. Some people experience panic attacks so often it disrupts the normal patterns of their lives. How can someone distinguish between Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and just regular coping with stress? With every traumatic experience there are always repercussions to your wellbeing. You will go through symptoms of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder because your safety and happiness was disturbed. Afterwards you can be fearful, disconnected and have nightmares. These are all normal reactions to traumatic events. But for most people these feelings are short lived and will not continue to disrupt your life. Now for people with PTSD the feelings will not lift and will keep you feeling lifeless and defenseless against your own thoughts, it can even gradually get worse over time. After such a shocking predicament your body goes into shock and but once you make sense of what happened, you come out of it. It is important to face your feelings and remember your memories in order to move on. With Post-traumatic stress disorder, you remain in psychological shock, and your memory and feelings about what happened are disconnected. Luckily now a days, Military veterans receive routine screenings for PTSD immediately after deployments, months afterward and also during routine clinical visits. The best thing a veteran can do when they start experiencing symptoms is to get help. Obtain research, knowledge and preparation will make a big difference with your coping of the stress disorder. Knowing what to expect can help identify issues, and keep them from going any deeper. VA data shows that from 2002 to 2009, 1 million troops left active duty in Iraq or Afghanistan and became eligible for VA care. Of those troops, 48% were diagnosed with a mental health problem. Now there will always be a difficulty with soldiers going to receive help, because they are looked at as being strong and courageous. Why on earth would a soldier need mental health? Reasons that some veterans do not go seek for treatment are; Concern for being seen as weak, being treated differently, privacy, not believing treatment is effective, side effects of treatments, and the cost of medical help. Getting medical help does not make a person weak, it actually helps the person grow stronger and to live a happy and fulfilling life. Getting help for PTSD has many perks. The sooner that the disorder is confronted, the easier it is to overcome. The process is much easier with the guidance and support of a therapist or a doctor. Everyone who experiences memories and feelings from the experience wants to just avoid and push away the situation. But if you try to depersonalize yourself and numb the experience, it will only get worse. Avoidance will ultimately harm your relationships, your ability to function and the quality of your life. Early treatment is better because the symptoms can get worse. Dealing with them early on will stop them from getting worse in the future. It can also get in the way of your family life. You may find that you are pulled away from your family, are not able to get along with people well, or that you are angry and have violent outbursts. PTSD can make other physical health problems worse. Studies have shown a relationship between PTSD and heart trouble. There are many treatments to help a person affected with Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. The main way is to go to therapy, and they will help explore other possibilities of treatments. It helps relieve symptoms by helping you deal with the trauma you have experienced. Rather than avoiding the event and any reminder of it, treatment will help encourage you to recall and process the emotions and sensations you felt during the ongoing event. Treatment will also help restore your sense of control and reduce the powerful hold this event has had on your life. Trauma-focused Cognitive-behavioral Therapy helps carefully expose yourself to your thoughts, feelings and emotions of the situation that reminds you of your trauma. There is the option of Family therapy as well. PTSD affects both you and those close to you. It can help your loved ones understand what you are going through. And also help anyone in the family communicate better and work through relationship problems. Medication is also a number one therapy, it helps balance the hormones and chemicals in your brain. It helps relieve secondary symptoms of depression or anxiety. Anti-depressants such as Prozac and Zoloft are the medications most commonly used. Anti-depressants can help you feel less sad, worried and on edge, but they do not treat the causes of PTSD. There are also minor tranquilizers used such as Xanax and Ativan. They are often helpful at the beginning, when symptoms are most intense. Unlike anti-depressants, they are habit forming and they do not mix well with alcohol. There is also medication that can help with sleep. Such as Trazodone, it helps with early morning awakening, it is also non-addictive. Veterans of war should always go for help when they feel symptoms of a traumatic experience for a long time. You will not be looked at as, defenseless and weak. You will be looked at as, strong and courageous for going to get help. Seeing death and injury are a terribly bad experience, and would shatter any normal person’s existence. The people fighting for this countries right for freedom is a blessing, and if anyone is going to look down upon you for needing help they are just not very informed on what is happening overseas. Remember that getting help and treatment will stop PTSD, right in its tracks. You will one day be able to overcome this sad stress disorder and live a normal and happy life.